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Year 1 English Phonics

Vowels and Consonants

Every letter in the alphabet is either a vowel or a consonant. Learn the difference and how each one works!

The 5 Vowels

A E I O U

Remember: A E I O U

What is a vowel?

Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O, U. When you say them, your mouth stays open and the sound flows freely. Every word needs at least one vowel to be readable!

Examples: ant, bed, fish, fox, up

What is a consonant?

Consonants are all the other 21 letters of the alphabet. When you say them, your tongue, teeth or lips block or change the flow of air. Examples: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

Vowels in words

Every syllable must have a vowel. Look at these words and find the vowel:

cat
dog
sun
big
hen
map

Short vowel sounds

  • A as in apple, ant, bat
  • E as in egg, bed, net
  • I as in insect, big, sit
  • O as in orange, hot, dog
  • U as in umbrella, cup, run

Key Vocabulary

vowel — a letter (A, E, I, O, U) where sound flows freely from the mouth
consonant — any letter that is not a vowel (all 21 other letters)
alphabet — the 26 letters used to write words in English
syllable — a beat or part of a word, always containing a vowel

Knowledge Check

Question 1

Which of these letters is a vowel?

Question 2

How many vowels are in the word "FROG"?

Question 3

Which of these is a consonant?

Question 4

Why does every word in English need at least one vowel?

Lesson Summary