What You Need to Know

Key Concept Diagram

A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause

A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause

Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses: because, although, when, unless, while

Varied sentence structure creates rhythm and controls emphasis in writing

Key Vocabulary

Independent clause

A clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence

Dependent clause

A clause that cannot stand alone; it depends on the main clause for meaning

Subordinating conjunction

A word that joins a dependent clause to an independent clause (because, although, when)

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences

Knowledge Check

Select the correct answer for each question. Click "Check Answer" to see if you are right.

Question 1

Which sentence is a complex sentence?

Although it was raining, we went outside. The dog barked and the cat ran. The sun rose. Birds sang. We ran quickly.

Question 2

What function does the subordinating conjunction "although" serve?

It joins two independent clauses It introduces a dependent clause showing contrast It separates two sentences It creates a list

Question 3

Why should writers vary their sentence structure?

To make the text longer To avoid repetition of vocabulary To create rhythm, control emphasis, and maintain reader interest To avoid using conjunctions

Advanced Syntax