What You Need to Know

Key Concept Diagram

Before reading closely, identify the text type, purpose, context, and intended audience — these frame your interpretation

Look for dominant language techniques: diction (word choice), syntax (sentence structure), imagery, tone, and voice

Annotate as you read: underline key words, note techniques, jot down the effect on the reader

In your response, always connect the "how" (technique) to the "so what" (effect on the reader or meaning created)

Key Vocabulary

Diction

The writer's choice of words, which can be formal, colloquial, emotive, or technical depending on context

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases in sentences; short, fragmented sentences can create tension while long sentences can build complexity

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject and audience, conveyed through word choice and style (e.g., ironic, urgent, melancholic)

Inference

A conclusion drawn from evidence in the text rather than stated explicitly by the author

Knowledge Check

Select the correct answer for each question. Click "Check Answer" to see if you are right.

Question 1

When approaching an unseen text, which step should come first?

Write the essay introduction immediately List every language technique you know Find the most impressive vocabulary words Identify the text type, purpose, and intended audience

Question 2

A journalist writes: "The government's reckless decision has left thousands without homes." What does the word "reckless" indicate about tone?

The tone is emotive and critical The tone is neutral and objective The tone is formal and academic The tone is optimistic

Question 3

A text uses very short, fragmented sentences: "She ran. She fell. No one helped." What effect does this syntax create?

A slow, thoughtful contemplation of events A sense of urgency, shock, or rapid action A formal, academic distance from the subject A humorous and lighthearted mood

Unseen Text Analysis