Multiplication Facts (2, 3, 4, 5, 10)
Master your times tables for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 with arrays, patterns, and quick recall!
Times Tables with Arrays
An array is a great way to see what a times table looks like. Each row represents one group.
2 Times Table
1 × 2 = 2
2 × 2 = 4
3 × 2 = 6
4 × 2 = 8
5 × 2 = 10
6 × 2 = 12
3 × 2 = 6
5 Times Table
1 × 5 = 5
2 × 5 = 10
3 × 5 = 15
4 × 5 = 20
5 × 5 = 25
6 × 5 = 30
2 × 5 = 10
3 Times Table
1 × 3 = 3
2 × 3 = 6
3 × 3 = 9
4 × 3 = 12
5 × 3 = 15
6 × 3 = 18
4 Times Table
1 × 4 = 4
2 × 4 = 8
3 × 4 = 12
4 × 4 = 16
5 × 4 = 20
6 × 4 = 24
10 Times Table
1 × 10 = 10
2 × 10 = 20
3 × 10 = 30
4 × 10 = 40
5 × 10 = 50
6 × 10 = 60
7 × 10 = 70
8 × 10 = 80
9 × 10 = 90
10 × 10 = 100
Tip: To multiply by 10, just add a zero on the end!
Patterns in Multiplication
Times tables have patterns that make them easier to remember!
2 Times Table Pattern
The answers are always even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12...
5 Times Table Pattern
The answers always end in 0 or 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30...
10 Times Table Pattern
The answers always end in 0: 10, 20, 30, 40... Just add a zero!
4 Times Table Trick
The 4 times table is double the 2 times table! If 3 × 2 = 6, then 3 × 4 = 12 (double 6).
The Commutative Property
The commutative property means you can swap the numbers around and still get the same answer! 3 × 4 gives the same result as 4 × 3.
See it with arrays
3 × 4
3 rows, 4 columns
= 12
4 × 3
4 rows, 3 columns
= 12
3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12
The order does not change the answer!
Key Vocabulary
Times Table
A list of multiples for a number. E.g. the 3 times table: 3, 6, 9, 12...
Multiple
The result of multiplying a number. 12 is a multiple of 3 because 4 × 3 = 12.
Commutative
Means you can swap the order and get the same answer: a × b = b × a.
Product
The answer when you multiply two numbers. The product of 3 and 5 is 15.
Worked Examples
What is 7 × 5?
Method 1 (Skip count): 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
Method 2 (Pattern): 7 × 5 ends in 5 (odd number × 5). Answer: 35
Answer: 7 × 5 = 35
Use the commutative property: If 6 × 4 = 24, what is 4 × 6?
Step 1: The commutative property says we can swap the numbers.
Answer: 4 × 6 = 24 (same answer!)
What is 8 × 4? (Use the doubling trick)
Step 1: First find 8 × 2 = 16
Step 2: Double it: 16 × 2 = 32
Answer: 8 × 4 = 32
Knowledge Check
Test your times table knowledge! Select the correct answer.
Question 1
What is 6 × 3?
Question 2
What is 9 × 10?
Question 3
If 5 × 4 = 20, what is 4 × 5?
Question 4
What is 7 × 2?
Question 5
Which number is NOT a multiple of 5?
Key Concepts Summary
- ● 2 times table: answers are always even numbers.
- ● 5 times table: answers end in 0 or 5.
- ● 10 times table: add a zero to the end.
- ● 4 times table: double the 2 times table answer.
- ● Commutative property: a × b = b × a (the order does not matter).