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Year 5 Maths

2D Shape Properties

Classify and describe quadrilaterals, triangles, and other polygons using their properties — sides, angles, symmetry, and parallel lines.

Polygons

A polygon is a flat, closed shape with straight sides. Polygons are named by the number of sides they have. A regular polygon has all sides equal and all angles equal. An irregular polygon has sides or angles that are not all equal.

Triangle

3 sides

Quadrilateral

4 sides

Pentagon

5 sides

Hexagon

6 sides

Octagon

8 sides

Circle

Not a polygon

Types of Triangles

Triangles can be classified by their sides or their angles.

Classified by Sides

Equilateral

All 3 sides equal. All angles = 60°.

Isosceles

2 sides equal. 2 base angles equal.

Scalene

No sides equal. No angles equal.

Classified by Angles

Right-angled

Has one 90° angle (shown with a small square).

Acute

All three angles are less than 90°.

Obtuse

One angle is greater than 90°.

Types of Quadrilaterals

A quadrilateral is any shape with exactly 4 sides and 4 angles. The angles of any quadrilateral always add up to 360°.

Square

4 equal sides. 4 right angles. 4 lines of symmetry.

Rectangle

Opposite sides equal. 4 right angles. 2 lines of symmetry.

Rhombus

4 equal sides. Opposite angles equal. 2 lines of symmetry.

Parallelogram

2 pairs of parallel sides. Opposite sides and angles equal.

Trapezium

Exactly 1 pair of parallel sides.

Kite

2 pairs of adjacent equal sides. 1 line of symmetry.

Key Vocabulary

Polygon

A flat, closed 2D shape with straight sides. Triangles, squares, and hexagons are all polygons.

Quadrilateral

Any shape with four straight sides and four angles. All quadrilaterals have angle sum of 360°.

Parallel

Lines that are always the same distance apart and never meet. Shown with arrow marks (→) on diagrams.

Regular Polygon

A polygon where all sides are equal and all angles are equal. E.g. a regular hexagon.

Worked Examples

1

A shape has 4 equal sides but no right angles. What is it?

Step 1: 4 sides = quadrilateral.

Step 2: All sides equal, but NOT a square (no right angles).

Answer: It is a Rhombus.

2

A triangle has sides of 5 cm, 5 cm and 8 cm. Classify it.

Step 1: Two sides are equal (5 cm and 5 cm).

Step 2: This means two base angles are also equal.

Answer: It is an Isosceles triangle.

3

How many lines of symmetry does a regular hexagon have?

Think: A regular hexagon has 6 equal sides. For each side there is a matching line of symmetry.

3 lines pass through opposite vertices, and 3 lines pass through midpoints of opposite sides.

Answer: A regular hexagon has 6 lines of symmetry.

Knowledge Check

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Key Concepts Summary

Year 5: Introduction to Percentages Year 6: Percentage Calculations