Cell Division
Cell division allows organisms to grow, repair tissue, and reproduce. There are two main types: mitosis (for growth and repair) and meiosis (for sexual reproduction). Both involve careful copying and distribution of DNA.
What You Need to Know
Key Concept Diagram
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent
Meiosis produces four genetically unique gametes (sex cells) with half the chromosome number
DNA is replicated before cell division so each daughter cell receives a complete set
Errors in cell division can lead to mutations, cancer, or developmental disorders
Key Vocabulary
Mitosis
Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and repair
Meiosis
Cell division that produces four genetically unique gametes with half the normal chromosome number
Chromosome
Structures in the cell nucleus made of DNA that carry genetic information
Gamete
A sex cell (sperm or egg) with half the normal chromosome number
Knowledge Check
Select the correct answer for each question. Click "Check Answer" to see if you are right.
Question 1
A human body cell has 46 chromosomes. After mitosis, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have?
Question 2
Meiosis is used to produce:
Question 3
Why is it important that DNA is replicated before cell division?
Key Concepts Summary
- ●Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent
- ●Meiosis produces four genetically unique gametes (sex cells) with half the chromosome number
- ●DNA is replicated before cell division so each daughter cell receives a complete set
- ●Errors in cell division can lead to mutations, cancer, or developmental disorders