Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds. Carbon's unique ability to form four bonds and link with itself creates an enormous variety of molecules that are the basis of all life.
What You Need to Know
Key Concept Diagram
Organic compounds contain carbon and are typically derived from living organisms
Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen; methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) are simple examples
Functional groups give organic molecules their characteristic properties (e.g. -OH makes an alcohol)
Combustion of hydrocarbons releases carbon dioxide and water; this is how fuels release energy
Key Vocabulary
Organic compound
A compound containing carbon, typically also containing hydrogen
Hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Functional group
An atom or group of atoms that gives an organic molecule its characteristic properties
Combustion
The reaction of a fuel with oxygen to release energy, producing CO2 and H2O
Knowledge Check
Select the correct answer for each question. Click "Check Answer" to see if you are right.
Question 1
What makes carbon unique among elements in forming the basis of organic chemistry?
Question 2
Methane (CH4) burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This is an example of:
Question 3
An organic molecule has the functional group -OH (a hydroxyl group). What class of compound is it?
Key Concepts Summary
- ●Organic compounds contain carbon and are typically derived from living organisms
- ●Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen; methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) are simple examples
- ●Functional groups give organic molecules their characteristic properties (e.g. -OH makes an alcohol)
- ●Combustion of hydrocarbons releases carbon dioxide and water; this is how fuels release energy